Database users

Informix®

Until version 11.70.xC2, Informix database users must be created at the operating system level and must be members of the 'informix' group.

Starting with 11.70.xC2, Informix supports database-only users with the CREATE USER instruction, as in most other db servers.

Any database user must have sufficient privileges to connect and use resources of the database; user rights are defined with the GRANT command.

ORACLE

Oracle® users can be authenticated in different ways: as database users, as operating system users or by delegating authentication to another service, like Kerberos or LDAP.

Users must be created in the database with a CREATE USER command, to create a user authenticated by the database server:

CREATE USER username IDENTIFIED BY password

Oracle users can also be created with the IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY clause:

CREATE USER username IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY

In this case, Oracle trusts the operating system to authenticate the user. See the Oracle documentation for OS user authentication configuration, especially the OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX (empty string) and REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT (true) server parameters. Note also that the Oracle user name needs to be specified in uppercase in the CREATE USER instruction, and gets an additional prefix, depending on the operating system (domain name on Windows® platforms)

In Oracle, users can also be defined in a central LDAP directory, with the IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY clause:

CREATE USER username IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY AS 'distinguished_name'

Global users are registered and managed by an external LDAP service, and are identified by the distinguished name (DN).

Oracle supports also proxy authentication, by granting connection privileges through another "proxy user":

ALTER USER username GRANT CONNECT THROUGH proxy_user

Solution

Based on the application logic, you must create one or several Oracle users. Use database or external authentication.

Connecting as an external user

If you want to keep the same Informix OS users, you can configure Oracle for OS authentication, and create users with the IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY option.

In order to match operating system user names, the prefix for database user names must be set to an empty string '' and remote :

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET os_authent_prefix = '' SCOPE = spfile;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET remote_os_authent = TRUE SCOPE = spfile;

SQL> quit

After changing the OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX parameter, restart the Oracle server instance and check the settings:

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER os_authent_prefix;
NAME                TYPE            VALUE
----------------------------------------------
os_authent_prefix   string

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER remote_os_authent;
NAME                TYPE            VALUE
----------------------------------------------
remote_os_authent   boolean         TRUE

Then create the user (note that the user name must be in uppercase letters), and grant permissions:

SQL> CREATE USER "SF" IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY; 
User created.

SQL> GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO "SF";
Grant succeeded.

To connect your Genero program to Oracle as an external user, perform the CONNECT TO instruction without specifying the USER/USING clauses.

For example, omit the USER/USING clause in the

CONNECT
TO

instruction:

CONNECT TO "orc1fox+driver='dbmora'"

If no db login is specified, the Oracle driver will open a database session with the OCI_CRED_EXT credentials.

Note: You can check if external or RDBMS authentication takes place with the FGLSQLDEBUG output (check the line containing "Credential flag").

Switching to the application schema

If several DB users are defined for the application, you might want to switch to a common schema with the following FGLPROFILE entry:

dbi.database.mydb.ora.schema = "app_owner"

Connecting as SYSDBA or SYSOPER

An Oracle connection can also be established as SYSDBA or SYSOPER users. This is possible by specifying the /SYSDBA or /SYSOPER strings after the user name in the USER clause of the CONNECT TO instruction.

For example:

CONNECT TO "orc1fox+driver='dbmora'"
    USER "orauser/SYSDBA" USING "fourjs"

Using proxy authentication

If Oracle proxy authentication is required, specify the /PROXY_CLIENT:username string after the user name in the USER clause of the CONNECT TO instruction.

For example:

CONNECT TO "orc1fox+driver='dbmora'"
    USER "orauser/PROXY_CLIENT:appuser" USING "fourjs"

In the above example, the credentials of the orauser login will be used to establish the connection, and then Oracle will automatically switch to the user "appuser", assuming that the proxy connection has been granted with:

ALTER USER appuser GRANT CONNECT THROUGH orauser